6-Layer Rigid PCB 1.6mm with ENIG Finish | TG180 Material

Professional 6-Layer ENIG PCB Product Overview and Definition

IL 6-PCB rigido a strati from UGPCB is a circuito stampato multistrato manufactured using standard TUC TU768 TG180 core material based on FR-4. This circuit board features a standard thickness of 1.60mm E 2μm Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (Essere d'accordo) finitura superficiale, with dimensions of 135x95mm. It is suitable for various medium-to-high complexity electronic device requirements.

This multilayer board is designed and produced in accordance with IPC industry standards. It consists of six conductive copper layers alternately laminated with insulating dielectric layers, providing superior signal integrity and power distribution solutions for complex circuit designs. It is an indispensable core component in modern electronic devices.

Strutturalmente, the 6-layer PCB belongs to the multilayer laminated structure. A common layer stack sequence is: signal layer – ground plane – signal layer – power plane – signal layer – ground plane. This symmetrical structure effectively reduces electromagnetic interference (EMI), improves signal quality, and is particularly suitable for high-speed digital signals and mixed analog-digital circuits.

PCB Design Guidelines and Principles

When designing this 6-layer rigid PCB, engineers need to focus on several key elements:

Signal Integrity Design: For high-speed digital signals (such as SD-MMC interfaces, parallel camera buses, ecc.), impedance-controlled routing techniques are required. Precise calculation of the trace width to dielectric thickness ratio ensures characteristic impedance matching (typically 50Ω single-ended or 100Ω differential), reducing signal reflection and distortion.

Power Distribution Network (PDN) Progetto: Using solid power and ground planes creates low-impedance power delivery paths, effectively reducing switching noise and ground bounce. In multilayer boards, the middle layers are typically dedicated as power and ground planes.

Thermal Management Design: For high-power applications (per esempio., azionamenti a motore, moduli di potenza), layout planning for high-power-dissipation components is crucial. Thermal vias or via arrays enhance heat dissipation. Consider increased local copper weight if necessary.

Progettazione per la produzione (DFM) Considerations: Design must account for manufacturing process limitations, tra cui minimum trace width/clearance, minimum hole size, and solder mask dam width. Particularly for surface-mount devices (SMDs), the ENIG surface finish provides excellent flatness and solderability.

Technical Specifications and Performance Data

Come funziona & Technical Mechanisms

The operation of a multilayer PCB is based on electromagnetic field theory and transmission line theory. Semplicemente, the PCB acts as a mechanical support and electrical interconnection platform for electronic components, enabling signal transmission and power distribution between components through etched copper traces.

In a six-layer board, different conductive layers are interconnected vertically through Plated Through-Holes (PTH). Signal transmission through copper traces is affected by factors like skin effect and dielectric loss. The laminated structure and solid reference planes of a six-layer board effectively mitigate these negative effects.

The lamination process of multilayer boards ensures precise alignment and reliable insulation between layers. Pre -preg (pre-impregnated material) acts as an inter-layer adhesive and insulating dielectric, curing under high temperature and pressure to form an integrated composite structure. This is the foundation of the physical stability of multilayer PCBs.

Target Applications and Industry Use Cases

This 6-layer rigid PCB, with its balanced performance and cost advantage, is suitable for electronic products in multiple fields:

• Attrezzatura di comunicazione: Used in control boards and interface boards for router, interruttori, and base station equipment, meeting high-speed data exchange needs. The multilayer structure helps isolate digital and RF signals, reducing interference.

• Industrial Control Systems: In PLCs, azionamenti a motore, and automation equipment, 6-layer boards provide sufficient routing density and noise immunity to adapt to the electromagnetic complexity of industrial environments.

• Elettronica automobilistica: Suitable for in-vehicle infotainment systems, moduli di controllo del corpo, and ADAS sensor interface boards, meeting the automotive industry’s high requirements for reliability and environmental resilience.

• Elettronica medica: Used in main control boards for portable diagnostic devices, patient monitors, ecc. The EMC performance of multilayer boards aids in passing strict medical electromagnetic compatibility standards.

• Elettronica di consumo: High-end audio equipment, smart home controllers, ecc., utilize the advantages of 6-layer boards to balance complex functionality and miniaturization.

Material and Construction Analysis

Materiale di base

This PCB uses TUC TU768 TG180 core material as the primary substrate, which is a high-performance FR-4 type. TG180 indicates a Glass Transition Temperature of 180°C, higher than the 130-140°C of standard FR-4 materials. This means the material maintains better mechanical stability and dimensional stability in high-temperature environments.

Compared to standard FR-4, TU768 has a lower dielectric constant (Non so) and dissipation factor (Df), beneficial for high-frequency signal transmission. Its enhanced heat resistance also improves the PCB’s reliability during multiple soldering processes and in high-temperature operating environments.

Finitura superficiale: Oro per immersione in nichel chimico (Essere d'accordo)

The surface finish is 2μm thickness Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (Essere d'accordo). This process first forms a layer of nickel-phosphorus alloy (typically 3-5μm) on the copper pads via chemical plating, followed by a thin gold layer (0.05-0.3μm) deposited through a displacement reaction.

ENIG surface finish offers clear advantages over traditional HASL (Livellamento della saldatura ad aria calda):

• Excellent Flatness: Suitable for fine-pitch SMT component assembly.

• Superior Solderability and Oxidation Resistance: Extends PCB storage life.

• Good Bonding Properties: Supports gold wire bonding processes.

Manufacturing Process Flow

The manufacturing of this 6-layer rigid PCB follows a standard multilayer board process flow, with additional key steps like lamination and alignment:

1. Engineering & CAM Processing: After receiving customer Gerber or IPC-2581 files, the engineering team performs Progettazione per la produzione (DFM) analisi to determine the optimal stackup and process parameters.

2. Inner Layer Imaging: Clean, coat with photoresist, expose/develop to transfer circuit pattern, then etch to form inner layer circuitry.

3. Laminazione: Align and stack the prepared inner layer cores with prepreg sheets according to the design. Laminate under high temperature and pressure to form a unified board. This is the core step affecting interlayer bond quality and dimensional stability.

4. Perforazione & Placcatura: Drill through-holes and blind vias using CNC drills. Achieve hole wall metallization via electroless and electrolytic copper plating, establishing interlayer electrical connections.

5. Outer Layer Imaging & Placcatura: Similar to inner layer process for outer layers, but includes panel plating to build up copper thickness in holes and on surface.

6. Finitura superficiale: Apply ENIG process — chemical nickel plating followed by immersion gold. Gold thickness is controlled around 2μm, balancing cost and performance.

7. Maschera di saldatura & Legend: Apply liquid photoimageable solder mask (LPI), expose/develop to open pads. Then print silkscreen legend for component placement.

8. Final Processing & Test: Perform routing, scoring, beveling. Ensure quality through Ispezione ottica automatizzata (AOI) E Test elettrici (Sonda volante or Fixture Test).

The entire process follows IPC standards and a strict quality control system, ensuring performance consistency for every PCB.

Key Features and Advantages Summary

UGPCB’s 6-layer rigid PCB offers the following core advantages:

• Prestazione: The 6-layer structure provides optimized signal integrity and power integrity, suitable for medium-to-high-speed circuit design. The ENIG finish ensures excellent soldering reliability and long-term shelf life.

• Design Flexibility: Compared to 4-layer boards, the 6-layer structure offers more routing resources, handling more complex circuit designs. The standard 135x95mm size adapts to various product form factors.

• Reliability Assurance: The use of high-Tg (180) material improves stability in high-temperature environments. Strict process control and testing ensure the product meets industry standards.

• Efficacia in termini di costi: Offers a good balance between performance and cost, providing a cost advantage over 8-layer+ PCBs while offering significantly better performance than 4-layer or fewer PCBs.

• Supporto tecnico: UGPCB provides full technical support from design consultation to volume production, helping customers optimize designs and shorten time-to-market.