Double-Sided PCB for Relay Protection | FR-4, โอป, CTI600

Introduction to UGPCB’s Double-Sided PCB for Relay Protection

UGPCB specializes in manufacturing high-performance สองด้าน แผงวงจรพิมพ์ (PCBS) tailored for relay protection systems. These PCBs are engineered with FR-4 epoxy glass cloth as the base material, ensuring excellent electrical insulation and mechanical durability. Featuring a finished thickness of 1.6mm and a 1oz copper thickness (approximately 35μm), these boards support robust current-carrying capacity. ที่ โอป (สารกันบูด) การรักษาพื้นผิว enhances solderability while protecting the copper pads from oxidation. With a minimum trace and spacing of 8mil (0.2มม), UGPCB’s designs achieve optimal signal integrity for precision-driven relay protection applications. Available in both black and white solder mask colors, these PCBs comply with CTI600 standards, offering high comparative tracking index performance to prevent electrical failures in humid conditions.

UGPCB's Double-sided PCB for relay protection with blue solder mask and OSP finish

What Is a Double-Sided PCB?

อัน PCB สองด้าน incorporates conductive copper layers on both sides of an insulating substrate, เช่น FR-4. The layers are interconnected using plated through-holes (บ่น) หรือ Vias, enabling complex circuitry in a compact form. Unlike single-sided PCBs, double-sided variants allow for higher component density and layout flexibility, making them ideal for intermediate-complexity devices like relay protection systems. These boards support double-sided assembly, including through-hole and surface-mount technologies (SMT), and are widely used in industrial, telecommunications, และอุปกรณ์อิเล็กทรอนิกส์ยานยนต์.

Design Guidelines for Relay Protection PCBs

Trace Width and Spacing: UGPCB recommends a minimum of 8MIL (0.2มม) for trace width and spacing to mitigate short-circuit risks and ensure signal clarity in high-voltage environments .
Thermal Relief Pads: Use cross-hatched thermal pads for large copper areas to dissipate heat during soldering, reducing the risk of virtual joints .
Via Specifications: For reliable interlayer connections, specify PTHs with a minimum finished hole diameter of 0.3mm and an annular ring of 0.7mm or larger .
Gridded Copper Planes: Implement gridded ground planes with a spacing ≥10mil to minimize PCB warping during wave soldering .
Solder Mask Details: Define solder mask openings precisely using the solder mask layer in design files to prevent bridging and expose thermal pads .

How Double-Sided PCBs Work in Relay Protection

In relay protection systems, double-sided PCBs function as the central nervous system, monitoring electrical parameters and triggering disconnection during faults. The dual-layer layout facilitates the integration of current sensors, microprocessors, และโมดูลการสื่อสาร. ตัวอย่างเช่น, traces on the top layer may carry low-voltage control signals, while the bottom layer handles high-current paths. ชุบผ่านรู create low-impedance connections between layers, ensuring rapid fault detection and response. ที่ CTI600-rated substrate resists conductive anode filament (คาเฟ่) formation, which is critical for longevity in high-humidity settings.

Applications of UGPCB’s Relay Protection PCBs

UGPCB’s double-sided PCBs are deployed in:

Power Grid Relay Systems: For overcurrent and earth fault protection.
Industrial Control Panels: Monitoring machinery in manufacturing plants.
Renewable Energy Inverters: Safeguarding solar/wind power converters.
Telecommunications Infrastructure: Protecting base station power supplies.
Railway Signaling Systems: Ensuring fail-safe track switching.

Classification of Double-Sided PCBs

โดยวัสดุ: FR-4 (มาตรฐาน), CEM-3 (mid-range), and polyimide (high-temperature).
By Surface Finish: โอป (UGPCB’s default), เลือดออก, เห็นด้วย, and immersion tin.
By CTI Rating: CTI600 (like UGPCB’s boards), CTI400, and CTI600+ for harsh environments.

Materials and Construction

วัสดุฐาน: FR-4 glass epoxy is used for its flame-retardant properties (UL94V-0) and dielectric strength .
ฟอยล์ทองแดง: Electrolytic copper with 1oz thickness (35μm) per side .
หน้ากากบัดกรี: Available in black or white, based on Taiyo PSR-4000 series, providing ≥10μm insulation thickness .
พื้นผิวเสร็จสิ้น: OSP forms a protective organic layer on copper pads, ensuring solderability without lead .

ตัวชี้วัดประสิทธิภาพที่สำคัญ

Dielectric Strength: Withstands high voltages between conductive layers.
ความอดทนทางความร้อน: อุณหภูมิการเปลี่ยนแก้ว (ทีจี) of 130–145°C prevents deformation under load .
CTI Rating: CTI600 guarantees resistance to tracking up to 600V.
Warpage Tolerance: Maximum warpage of 0.7% for SMT-assembled boards .
Plated Through-Hole Reliability: Copper plating ≥20μm in holes ensures uninterrupted interlayer connections .

Structure of a Double-Sided PCB

UGPCB’s PCBs feature:

Top and Bottom Copper Layers: 35μm thick, etched into circuit patterns.
FR-4 Core: A 1.6mm thick insulating substrate.
Plated Through-Holes: Metallized with copper for layer interconnection.
เลเยอร์หน้ากากประสาน: Applied over copper, excluding solderable pads.
Silkscreen Legend: White or black markings for component placement.

Advantages of UGPCB’s Design

ความคุ้มทุน: Reduces material expenses by 30–50% compared to multilayer alternatives.
Enhanced Design Flexibility: Supports cross-routing and optimized grounding schemes.
Improved Thermal Management: Gridded copper planes and thermal vias dissipate heat efficiently.
ความน่าเชื่อถือสูง: CTI600 and OSP finish extend service life in demanding conditions.

Manufacturing Process Overview

การเตรียมวัสดุ: Cut FR-4 substrate to 510x610mm panels.
การขุดเจาะ: CNC drills create holes as small as 0.2mm for PTHs .
Electroless Copper Deposition: Catalytic oxidation builds a conductive layer in holes .
Pattern Imaging: Photolithography transfers circuit layouts using UV exposure.
Electroplating: Copper deposition thickens traces and hole walls to ≥20μm .
การแกะสลัก: Removes unwanted copper, defining traces.
แอปพลิเคชันมาสก์ประสาน: UV-curable ink printed and developed.
OSP Coating: Organic preservative applied to exposed copper.
การพิมพ์ซิลค์สกรีน: Component indicators added.
Routing and V-Scoring: Panels separated into individual boards.

Flowchart of double-sided PCB manufacturing process from drilling to OSP

Common Usage Scenarios

Utility Substations: Housing protection relays for transformers and feeders.
Industrial Motor Drives: Embedding control logic for overload prevention.
Uninterruptible Power Supplies (อัพ): Managing battery charge/discharge cycles.
Smart Meters: Enabling real-time energy monitoring.

บทสรุป

UGPCB’s double-sided PCB boards for relay protection combine advanced materials, precision engineering, and rigorous testing to deliver unmatched reliability. With features like FR-4 insulation, OSP coating, and CTI600 compliance, they are the optimal choice for critical power systems. Engineers seeking to enhance equipment safety and longevity can leverage UGPCB’s expertise for their next project.